SPN 84 — Wheel-Based Vehicle Speed
Do not driveTo the nearest safe stop
J1939 code SPN 84. Below — how the fault is worded at the factory by DAF, Dongfeng, Ford Trucks, Foton, International, KAMAZ, MAZ, Mercedes-Benz, Renault Trucks, SITRAK, YaMZ and ZF AS-Tronic, and what the second half of the code (FMI) means in the standard.
DAFDongfengFord TrucksFotonInternationalKAMAZMAZMercedes-BenzRenault TrucksSITRAKYaMZZF AS-Tronic
DAF
| FMI 2 | Vehicle speed signal missing/implausible |
| FMI 10 | Abnormal rate of change of speed signal frequency |
| FMI 18 | Speed signal corrupted |
Dongfeng
| FMI 2 | Loss of signal or incorrect vehicle speed signal |
| FMI 10 | Vehicle speed signal not plausible (rate of change) |
Ford Trucks
Ford Trucks/Ecotorq writes fault numbers in its own format: the code in the table below is a Ford code (hexadecimal, zero-padded), not a J1939 SPN. It matches the standard only where the signal itself is standard, and usually matches the title of this page by digit alone.
| FMI 0 | MAF Sensor – Inconsistent High Reading. FODP code (scan tool): P0101-22. |
| FMI 1 | MAF Sensor – Inconsistent Low Reading. FODP code (scan tool): P0101-21. |
| FMI 5 | MAF Sensor Electrical – Open / Short Circuit. FODP code (scan tool): P0103-01. |
Foton
| FMI 9 | Vehicle speed signal missing |
International
| FMI 9 | Wheel-Based Vehicle Speed — Missing Wheel Based Vehicle Speed Message |
KAMAZ
| FMI 0 | Vehicle speed measurement, path 1 (tachograph link!) |
| FMI 2 | Vehicle speed measurement, path 1 (tachograph link!) |
| FMI 3 | Vehicle speed (C3 or J1939). K-line code on KamAZ-5490: ADM3 10103. |
| FMI 9 | Vehicle speed (C3 or J1939). K-line code on KamAZ-5490: ADM3 10109. |
| FMI 11 | Vehicle speed measurement, path 1 (tachograph link!) |
| FMI 12 | Vehicle speed measurement, path 1 (tachograph link!) |
| FMI 14 | Vehicle speed (C3 or J1939). K-line code on KamAZ-5490: ADM3 10114. |
| FMI 19 | Vehicle speed (C3 or J1939). K-line code on KamAZ-5490: ADM3 10119. |
MAZ
| FMI 0 | Vehicle speed sensor fault - Maximum speed exceeded. Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
| FMI 2 | Vehicle speed sensor fault - Vehicle speed inconsistent with fuel delivery and crankshaft speed. Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
| FMI 11 | Vehicle speed sensor fault - Speed sensor coefficient could not be determined. Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
| FMI 12 | Vehicle speed sensor fault - Sensor signal implausible. Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
Mercedes-Benz
| FMI 3 | Vehicle Speed Sensor Circuit shorted to Ubat |
| FMI 4 | Vehicle Speed Sensor Circuit shorted to GND |
| FMI 5 | Vehicle Speed Sensor open Circuit (broken wire, terminal floating) |
| FMI 13 | Vehicle Speed Sensor Anti-Tamper Detection via ABS Vehicle Speed Comparison (ABS speed and Vehicle Speed Sensor are not consistent) |
| FMI 19 | Hall effect Vehicle Speed Sensor supply voltage out of range |
| FMI 20 | Vehicle Speed Sensor Drifted High Error (VSS signal not plausible) |
| FMI 21 | Vehicle Speed failure (VSS Signal Not Plausible) |
Renault Trucks
| FMI 6 | Short to battery positive. Repair: Check the wiring between the control unit and the clutch actuator (X1B/12, X1B/17). Run the diagnostic check of the clutch actuator. Switch the ignition off, switch it on again and repeat the test. If the fault persists, replace the control unit. |
| FMI 9 | CAN data bus link to VECU. Repair: Check the continuity of the CAN bus connected to the EBS unit (X1/1, X1/3). Check that the VECU is connected and works correctly. |
| FMI 10 | CAN data bus link to VECU. Repair: Check the continuity of the CAN bus connected to the EBS unit (X1/1, X1/3). Check that the VECU is connected and works correctly. |
| FMI 31 | CAN data bus link to VECU, fault not stored. Repair: Check the continuity of the CAN bus connected to the EBS unit (X1/1, X1/3). Check that the VECU is connected and works correctly. |
SITRAK
| FMI 3 | Vehicle speed sensor voltage above the upper limit. Scan tool code: P0503. Effect: Speed-based functions such as cruise control and the speed limiter do not work. |
| FMI 4 | Vehicle speed sensor voltage below the lower limit. Scan tool code: P0502. Effect: Speed-based functions such as cruise control and the speed limiter do not work. |
| FMI 8 | Vehicle speed signal from the tachograph or sensor not plausible. Scan tool code: P2162. Effect: Speed-based functions such as cruise control and the speed limiter do not work. |
| FMI 14 | Vehicle speed sensor not connected. Scan tool code: P2162. Effect: Speed-based functions such as cruise control and the speed limiter do not work. |
| FMI 15 | Vehicle speed above the maximum allowed. Scan tool code: P0279. Effect: Speed-based functions such as cruise control and the speed limiter do not work. |
| FMI 16 | Vehicle speed physical value above the upper limit. Scan tool code: P0500. Effect: Torque may be limited. |
| FMI 18 | Vehicle speed physical value below the lower limit. Scan tool code: P0500. Effect: Torque may be limited. |
YaMZ
| FMI 0 | Vehicle speed sensor fault (Maximum speed exceeded). Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
| FMI 2 | Vehicle speed sensor fault (Vehicle speed inconsistent with fuel delivery and crankshaft speed). Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
| FMI 11 | Vehicle speed sensor fault (Sensor coefficient could not be determined). Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
| FMI 12 | Vehicle speed sensor fault (Sensor signal implausible). Blink code: 3-2-4. Repair: Check the vehicle speed sensor and its wiring. Check the CAN bus connection. |
ZF AS-Tronic
ZF AS-Tronic uses its own fault numbering: the number in the table below is an internal ZF code, not a J1939 SPN. It matches the title of this page by digit only and means something different.
| FMI 6 | Short circuit to positive supply on valve Y16 output (clutch fast release). |
What FMI means in J1939
| SPN 84 FMI 084/0 · 84.0 | data above normal range (most severe level) |
| SPN 84 FMI 184/1 · 84.1 | data below normal range (most severe level) |
| SPN 84 FMI 284/2 · 84.2 | data erratic or intermittent |
| SPN 84 FMI 384/3 · 84.3 | voltage above normal or shorted high |
| SPN 84 FMI 484/4 · 84.4 | voltage below normal or shorted to ground |
| SPN 84 FMI 584/5 · 84.5 | current below normal or open circuit |
| SPN 84 FMI 684/6 · 84.6 | current above normal or grounded circuit |
| SPN 84 FMI 884/8 · 84.8 | abnormal frequency or pulse width |
| SPN 84 FMI 984/9 · 84.9 | abnormal update rate |
| SPN 84 FMI 1084/10 · 84.10 | abnormal rate of change |
| SPN 84 FMI 1184/11 · 84.11 | root cause not known |
| SPN 84 FMI 1284/12 · 84.12 | faulty device or component |
| SPN 84 FMI 1384/13 · 84.13 | calibration out of range |
| SPN 84 FMI 1484/14 · 84.14 | manufacturer-specific instructions |
| SPN 84 FMI 1584/15 · 84.15 | above normal — low severity |
| SPN 84 FMI 1684/16 · 84.16 | above normal — moderate severity |
| SPN 84 FMI 1884/18 · 84.18 | below normal — moderate severity |
| SPN 84 FMI 1984/19 · 84.19 | error in received network data |
| SPN 84 FMI 2084/20 · 84.20 | data drifted high |
| SPN 84 FMI 2184/21 · 84.21 | data drifted low |
| SPN 84 FMI 3184/31 · 84.31 | condition exists (see manufacturer description) |
Can I keep driving
Do not drive. Stop as soon as it’s safe to do so — don’t keep going.
What happens if you keep driving
Time you have: To the nearest safe stopThe code is flagged critical: the manufacturer considers it unsafe to keep driving without checking.
This code alone cannot say what will fail next, so stop at the first safe opportunity and look at it on the spot.
That said, the manufacturer flags this code as critical — if in doubt, it is safer to stop and check on the spot.
Scanner threw several codes at once? Paste the whole list — we will show which one is the root cause and which ones simply followed.